Raws li peb txhua tus paub, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thermal siv cov thee thiab roj los tsim hluav taws xob, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hydropower siv Hydropower los tsim hluav taws xob, thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob cua siv lub zog cua los tsim hluav taws xob. Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear siv dab tsi los tsim hluav taws xob? Nws ua haujlwm li cas? Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo yog dab tsi?
1. Kev sib xyaw thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear
Chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear yog ib hom chaw tsim hluav taws xob tshiab uas siv lub zog uas muaj nyob hauv lub nucleus atomic los tsim hluav taws xob tom qab hloov pauv. Feem ntau nws muaj ob ntu: Nuclear Island (N1) thiab conventional kob (CI). Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv nuclear kob yog nuclear reactor thiab steam generator, thaum cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv cov kob yog gas turbine thiab generator thiab lawv cov khoom siv pabcuam.
Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear siv uranium, uas yog ib hom hlau hnyav heev, ua cov khoom siv raw. Uranium siv los ua roj nuclear thiab muab tso rau hauv lub reactor. Fission tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv reactor los tsim cov zog cua sov ntau heev. Cov dej nyob rau hauv lub siab siab coj cov zog cua sov tawm thiab tsim cov pa hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom hloov cov zog cua sov mus ua lub zog tshuab. Cov pa tsav lub turbine roj kom tig ntawm qhov ceev nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, hloov cov zog tshuab mus ua lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob yuav raug tsim tawm tas li. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear.
2. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub zog nuclear
Piv nrog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thermal, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khib nyiab me me, muaj peev xwm tsim khoom ntau thiab tso pa tawm tsawg. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thermal yog thee. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam, lub zog tso tawm los ntawm kev sib cais tag nrho ntawm 1 kg ntawm uranium-235 yog sib npaug rau lub zog tso tawm los ntawm kev hlawv ntawm 2700 tons ntawm cov thee txheem, nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov khib nyiab ntawm chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear tsawg dua li ntawm chaw tsim hluav taws xob thermal, thaum lub zog tsim tawm ntau dua li ntawm chaw tsim hluav taws xob thermal. Tib lub sijhawm, muaj cov tshuaj radioactive ntuj hauv thee, uas yuav tsim ntau cov hmoov tshauv lom thiab me ntsis radioactive tom qab hlawv. Lawv kuj raug tso tawm ncaj qha rau hauv ib puag ncig hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshauv ya, ua rau muaj kuab paug huab cua hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv cov kuab paug los ntawm kev tso tawm rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm cov tshuaj radioactive mus rau qee qhov.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear kuj ntsib ob qho teeb meem nyuaj. Ib qho yog kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cua sov. Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear yuav tso tawm ntau cov cua sov pov tseg rau hauv ib puag ncig dua li cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thermal ib txwm muaj, yog li kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cua sov ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear yog qhov hnyav dua. Qhov thib ob yog cov khib nyiab nuclear. Tam sim no, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev kho kom zoo thiab ruaj khov rau cov khib nyiab nuclear. Feem ntau, nws raug khov thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub tsev khaws khoom pov tseg ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear, thiab tom qab ntawd thauj mus rau qhov chaw uas lub xeev tau teev tseg rau kev khaws cia lossis kho tom qab 5-10 xyoo.Txawm hais tias cov khib nyiab nuclear tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem khaws cia tau lees paub.
Tseem muaj teeb meem uas ua rau tib neeg ntshai thaum tham txog lub zog nuclear - kev sib tsoo nuclear. Muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej nuclear loj hauv keeb kwm, ua rau cov tshuaj radioactive los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear xau mus rau hauv huab cua, ua rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig puas tsuaj mus tas li, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm lub zog nuclear tau nres. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib puag ncig huab cua thiab kev txo qis ntawm lub zog, lub zog nuclear, ua lub zog huv tib yam uas tuaj yeem hloov cov roj fossil ntawm qhov loj, tau rov qab los rau pej xeem pom. Cov teb chaws tau pib rov pib dua cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear. Ntawm ib sab tes, lawv txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear, rov npaj thiab nce kev nqis peev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv txhim kho cov khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb dua ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub zog nuclear tau txhim kho ntxiv. Lub zog xa los ntawm lub zog nuclear mus rau ntau qhov chaw los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob kuj maj mam nce ntxiv, thiab maj mam pib nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub neej txhua hnub.
3. Cov twj siv hluav taws xob nuclear
Cov twj siv hluav taws xob nuclear yog hais txog cov twj siv hauv cov kob nuclear (N1), cov kob ib txwm muaj (CI) thiab cov chaw pabcuam fais fab (BOP) hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear. Hauv kev nyab xeeb, nws muab faib ua qib kev nyab xeeb nuclear I, II, III thiab qib tsis yog nuclear. Ntawm lawv, qib kev nyab xeeb nuclear I yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Lub twj siv hluav taws xob nuclear yog ntau cov khoom siv tswj kev sib kis nruab nrab siv hauv chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear, thiab nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb ntawm chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear.
Hauv kev lag luam fais fab nuclear, cov twj siv fais fab nuclear, ua ib feem tseem ceeb, yuav tsum tau xaiv nrog kev ceev faj. Cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau xav txog:
(1) Cov qauv, qhov loj ntawm kev sib txuas, qhov siab thiab qhov kub, kev tsim qauv, kev tsim khoom thiab kev sim sim yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tsim thiab cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam fais fab nuclear;
(2) Lub zog ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ntau theem ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear;
(3) Cov khoom yuav tsum muaj kev sib khi zoo heev, kev hnav tsis kam, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kev tiv thaiv khawb thiab lub neej ntev.
Hikelok tau cog lus tias yuav muab cov twj siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam fais fab nuclear tau ntau xyoo. Peb tau koom nrog cov haujlwm muab khoom ntawmChaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear Daya Bay, Guangxi Fangchenggang nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, 404 lub Hoobkas ntawm Tuam Tshoj National Nuclear Industry CorporationthiabLub Koom Haum Tshawb Fawb Txog Fais Fab NuclearPeb muaj kev xaiv thiab kev sim khoom nruj, cov txheej txheem ua tiav siab, kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nruj, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim khoom thiab tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm txhua qhov txuas. Cov khoom lag luam tau pab txhawb rau kev lag luam fais fab nuclear nrog kev ua tau zoo heev thiab cov qauv ruaj khov.
4. Kev yuav khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear
Cov khoom Hikelok raug tsim thiab tsim tawm raws li cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam fais fab nuclear, thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov twj paj nruag, cov khoom siv thiab lwm yam khoom uas kev lag luam fais fab nuclear xav tau hauv txhua yam.
Ob chav ferrule raj fittings: nws tau dhau mus12 qhov kev sim sim suav nrog kev sim kev co thiab kev sim pneumatic pov thawj, thiab kho nrog cov thev naus laus zis kub qis carburizing, uas muab kev lees paub txhim khu kev qha rau kev siv ferrule tiag tiag; Lub txiv ntoo ferrule yog ua tiav los ntawm kev plating nyiaj, uas zam qhov tshwm sim tom thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa; Cov xov siv cov txheej txheem dov los txhim kho qhov nyuaj thiab tiav ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv tau nruab nrog kev sib khi txhim khu kev qha, tiv thaiv kev xau, hnav tsis kam, kev teeb tsa yooj yim, thiab tuaj yeem disassembled thiab disassembled ntau zaus.
Kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej vuam fittings: Qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog 12600psi, qhov kub siab tiv taus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 538 ℃, thiab cov khoom siv stainless hlau muaj zog tiv taus corrosion. Lub cheeb tsam sab nraud ntawm qhov kawg vuam ntawm cov khoom siv vuam yog sib xws nrog qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab, thiab tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov yeeb nkab rau vuam. Kev sib txuas vuam tuaj yeem faib ua metric system thiab fractional system. Cov qauv fittings suav nrog union, elbow, tee thiab cross, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam kev teeb tsa.
Cov kav dej: Tom qab kev txhuam hniav, kev sib xyaw thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, qhov chaw sab nraud ntawm lub raj yog ci thiab qhov chaw sab hauv yog huv. Lub siab ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ncav cuag 12000psi, qhov nyuaj tsis tshaj 90HRB, kev sib txuas nrog lub ferrule yog du, thiab kev sib khi yog txhim khu kev qha, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev xau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab. Ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov txheej txheem metric thiab fractional muaj, thiab qhov ntev tuaj yeem hloov kho.
Lub qhov ntswg koob: Cov khoom siv ntawm lub cev lub koob ntsuas yog ASTM A182 tus qauv. Cov txheej txheem forging muaj cov qauv siv lead ua me me thiab muaj zog tiv taus khawb, uas tuaj yeem muab cov foob rov ua dua zoo dua. Lub plawv valve conical tuaj yeem hloov kho qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov dej ntws tas mus li thiab me ntsis. Lub taub hau valve thiab lub rooj zaum valve yog extruded foob kom txhim kho lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm lub valve. Tus qauv tsim me me ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau teeb tsa hauv qhov chaw nqaim, nrog kev yooj yim disassembly thiab kev saib xyuas thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
Lub pob valve:Lub cev valve muaj ib daim, ob daim, sib xyaw ua ke thiab lwm yam qauv. Sab saum toj yog tsim los ntawm ntau khub ntawm npauj npaim springs, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kev co muaj zog. Muab cov hlau sealing lub rooj zaum valve, qhov qhib thiab kaw me me, tsim tshwj xeeb, tsis xau, tiv taus corrosion muaj zog, lub neej ntev, thiab ntau yam qauv ntws tuaj yeem xaiv.
Kev sib piv ntawm lub valve pab txhawb nqa: Raws li lub npe qhia, lub valve proportional relief yog ib lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv tshuab, uas tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub siab qhib. Nws ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub siab siab thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm lub siab rov qab. Thaum lub zog siab ntawm lub kaw lus nce, lub valve maj mam qhib kom tso lub zog siab ntawm lub kaw lus. Thaum lub zog siab ntawm lub kaw lus poob qis dua lub zog teeb tsa, lub valve rov kaw sai sai, kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ntseeg tau tias lub zog siab ntawm lub kaw lus ruaj khov, me me thiab yooj yim txij nkawm.
Lub valve uas kaw nrog lub bellows: Lub valve uas kaw los ntawm lub bellows siv cov hlau bellows uas ua los ntawm cov hlau uas muaj zog tiv taus corrosion thiab lav tau zoo dua rau kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw. Lub taub hau valve siv cov qauv tsim uas tsis tig, thiab lub foob extrusion tuaj yeem ua kom lub valve siv tau ntev dua. Txhua lub valve dhau qhov kev xeem helium, nrog kev sib khi zoo, kev tiv thaiv kev xau thiab kev teeb tsa yooj yim.
Hikelok muaj ntau yam khoom thiab ntau hom tiav. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Tom qab ntawd, cov engineers yuav coj kev teeb tsa hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem, thiab cov kev pabcuam tom qab muag yuav teb raws sijhawm. Ntau cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam fais fab nuclear txais tos kom sab laj!
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev txiav txim, thov saib ntawm qhov kev xaivcov ntawv teev nperauLub vev xaib official ntawm HikelokYog tias koj muaj lus nug txog kev xaiv, thov hu rau Hikelok cov neeg ua haujlwm muag khoom online 24 teev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-25-2022