E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ka whakamahia e ngā teihana hiko wera ngā rauemi waro me te hinu hei whakaputa hiko, ka whakamahia e ngā teihana hiko wai te hiko wai hei whakaputa hiko, ā, ka whakamahia e ngā whakaputa hiko hau te pūngao hau hei whakaputa hiko. He aha ngā mea e whakamahia ana e ngā teihana hiko karihi hei whakaputa hiko? Me pēhea te mahi? He aha ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga?
1. Te hanganga me te kaupapa o te tipu hiko karihi
He momo teihana hiko hou te teihana hiko karihi e whakamahi ana i te pūngao kei roto i te karihi ngota hei whakaputa hiko i muri i te huringa. E rua ngā wāhanga o te nuinga: Te Moutere Karihi (N1) me te moutere tikanga (CI). Ko ngā taputapu matua o te moutere karihi ko te tauhohenga karihi me te whakaputa hiko mamaoa, ko ngā taputapu matua o te moutere tikanga ko te tāpine hau me te whakaputa hiko me ā rātou taputapu āwhina.
Ka whakamahia e te tipu hiko karihi te uranium, he konganuku taumaha rawa, hei rauemi mata. Ka whakamahia te uranium hei hanga wahie karihi, ā, ka tukuna ki roto i te tauhohenga. Ka puta te wehenga i roto i ngā taputapu tauhohenga hei whakaputa i te nui o te pūngao wera. Ka puta te pūngao wera i raro i te pēhanga teitei, ka whakaputa i te mamaoa i roto i te kaihanga mamaoa hei huri i te pūngao wera hei pūngao miihini. Ka akiakihia e te mamaoa te tāpine hau kia huri i te tere tere me te kaihanga, ka huri i te pūngao miihini hei pūngao hiko, ā, ka puta tonu te pūngao hiko. Koinei te kaupapa mahi a te tipu hiko karihi.
2. Ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te mana karihi
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā tipu hiko wera, he iti ngā painga o ngā tipu hiko karihi, arā, he iti te rahinga para, he nui te kaha whakaputa, ā, he iti hoki te tukunga. Ko te waro te rauemi mata matua mō ngā tipu hiko wera. E ai ki ngā raraunga e tika ana, ko te pūngao e tukuna ana e te wehenga katoa o te 1 kg o te uranium-235 he rite ki te pūngao e tukuna ana e te tahunga o te 2700 tana o te waro paerewa, ka kitea he iti ake te para o te tipu hiko karihi i tērā o te tipu hiko wera, engari he nui ake te pūngao kotahi e whakaputaina ana i tērā o te tipu hiko wera. I taua wā anō, kei roto i te waro ngā matū irahiko taiao, ka puta he nui o te paura pungarehu paitini me te iti o te irahiko i muri i te tahunga. Ka tukuna tika atu hoki ki te taiao i roto i te ahua o te pungarehu rere, ka puta he parahanga nui o te hau. Heoi, ka whakamahia e ngā tipu hiko karihi ngā tikanga tiaki hei ārai i te tukunga o ngā poke ki te taiao, me te tiaki i te taiao mai i ngā matū irahiko ki tētahi taumata.
Heoi anō, e rua ngā raruraru uaua e pāngia ana e ngā tipu hiko karihi. Ko tētahi ko te parahanga wera. Ka tukuna e ngā tipu hiko karihi he wera para nui ake ki te taiao huri noa i ngā tipu hiko wera noa, nō reira he kino ake te parahanga wera o ngā tipu hiko karihi. Ko te tuarua ko te parahanga karihi. I tēnei wā, kāore he tikanga maimoatanga haumaru, pumau hoki mō ngā parahanga karihi. Ko te tikanga, ka whakapakeketia, ka rongoatia ki roto i te whare putunga para o te tipu hiko karihi, kātahi ka haria ki te wāhi kua tohua e te kāwanatanga mō te rokiroki, te maimoatanga rānei i muri i te 5-10 tau.Ahakoa e kore e taea te whakakore i ngā para karihi i roto i te wā poto, ka whakamanahia te haumaru o te tukanga rokiroki.
Tērā anō tētahi raruraru e mataku ai te tangata ina kōrerohia te mana karihi - arā, ngā aituā karihi. He maha ngā aituā karihi nui i roto i te hītori, ā, ko te mutunga iho ko te turuturu o ngā matū irahiko mai i ngā tipu mana karihi ki te rangi, ka pā kino tonu ki te tangata me te taiao, ā, kua mutu te whanaketanga o te mana karihi. Heoi, nā te kino o te taiao hau me te mimiti haere o te pūngao, kua hoki mai te mana karihi, hei pūngao ma anake ka taea te whakakapi i ngā wahie pūmua i runga i te tauine nui, ki te tirohanga a te marea. Kua tīmata ngā whenua ki te tīmata anō i ngā tipu mana karihi. I tētahi taha, ka whakapakari ake rātou i te mana whakahaere o ngā tipu mana karihi, ka whakamahere anō, ka whakapiki ake i te haumi. I tētahi atu taha, ka whakapai ake rātou i ngā taputapu me ngā hangarau, ā, ka rapu i tētahi momo whakahaere haumaru ake mō ngā tipu mana karihi. Whai muri i ngā tau o te whanaketanga, kua pai ake te haumaru me te pono o te mana karihi. Ko te pūngao e tukuna ana e te mana karihi ki ngā wāhi maha mā te whatunga hiko kei te piki haere haere hoki, ā, ka tīmata mārire te uru ki te oranga o ia rā o te tangata.
3. Ngā takirere mana karihi
Ko ngā takirere mana karihi e pā ana ki ngā takirere e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā moutere karihi (N1), ngā moutere tikanga (CI) me ngā pūnaha whakaurunga āwhina teihana mana (BOP) i roto i ngā tipu mana karihi. Mō te taumata haumaru, ka wehea ki te taumata haumaru karihi I, II, III me te taumata kore-karihi. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā whakaritenga taumata haumaru karihi I ngā mea teitei rawa atu. Ko te takirere mana karihi he maha ngā taputapu whakahaere tuku reo e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu mana karihi, ā, he wāhanga nui, he mea nui hoki o te whakahaere haumaru o te tipu mana karihi.
I roto i te umanga hiko karihi, me āta whiriwhiri ngā takirere hiko karihi, hei wāhanga nui, me āta whakaaro ki ēnei āhuatanga:
(1) Me tutuki te hanganga, te rahi o te hononga, te pēhanga me te pāmahana, te hoahoa, te hanga me te whakamātautau whakamātautau ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa me ngā paerewa o te umanga mana karihi;
(2) Me tutuki te pēhanga mahi i ngā whakaritenga taumata pēhanga o ngā taumata rerekē o te tipu hiko karihi;
(3) Me tino pai te hiri o te hua, te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te rakuraku, ā, me te roa o te ora mahi.
Kua roa a Hikelok e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakarato i ngā takirere me ngā taputapu taputapu kounga teitei ki te umanga hiko karihi. Kua whai wāhi tonu mātou ki ngā kaupapa tuku oTe tipu hiko karihi o Daya Bay, Guangxi Fangchenggang whare karihi karihi, Te tipu 404 o te Kamupene Ahumahi Kariki ā-Motu o HainameTe Whare Rangahau Mana KarihiHe tino pakari ā mātou whiringa rauemi me te whakamātautau, he paerewa teitei te hangarau tukatuka, he tino pakari te whakahaere tukanga whakaputa, he ngaio ngā kaimahi whakaputa me te tirotiro, me te tino pakari o ngā hononga katoa. Kua whai wāhi ngā hua ki te umanga hiko karihi me te mahi tino pai me te hanganga pumau.
4. Te hoko i ngā hua hiko karihi
He mea hanga, he mea whakaputa hoki ngā hua Hikelok i runga anō i ngā paerewa o te umanga hiko karihi, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o ngā takirere taputapu, ngā taputapu me ētahi atu hua e hiahiatia ana e te umanga hiko karihi i ngā āhuatanga katoa.
Te hononga ngongo ferrule takirua: kua pahemo12 ngā whakamātautau whakamātautau tae atu ki te whakamātautau wiri me te whakamātautau ārai hau, ā, ka tukatukahia ki te hangarau whakakākāriki pāmahana-iti matatau, e whakarato ana i te taurangi pono mō te tono tuturu o te ferrule; Ka tukatukahia te nati ferrule mā te whakakikorua hiriwa, e karo ana i te āhuatanga ngau i te wā tāutanga; Ka whakamahia e te miro te tukanga hurihuri hei whakapai ake i te pakeke me te whakaotinga o te mata me te whakaroa i te roa o te ratonga o ngā taputapu. He hiri pono ngā wāhanga, he ārai i te turuturu, he ātete ki te kakahu, he tāutanga watea, ā, ka taea te wetewete me te wetewete i ngā wā maha.
Te hononga whakarewa taputapu: Ko te pēhanga mōrahi ka taea te 12600psi, ko te ātete pāmahana teitei ka taea te eke ki te 538 ℃, ā, he kaha te ātete waikura o te rauemi kowiri tira. Ko te diameter o waho o te pito whakarewa o ngā hononga whakarewa he rite ki te rahi o te ngongo, ā, ka taea te whakakotahi me te ngongo mō te whakarewa. Ka taea te wehewehe i te hononga whakarewa ki te pūnaha ine me te pūnaha haurua. Ko ngā āhua o ngā hononga ko te uniana, te tuke, te tī me te ripeka, ka taea te urutau ki ngā momo hanganga tāutanga.
Ngongo: Whai muri i te whakakanapa miihini, te whakapūkara me ētahi atu tukanga, he kanapa te mata o waho o te ngongo, ā, he ma te mata o roto. Ka taea e te pēhanga mahi te eke ki te 12000psi, kāore te pakeke e neke ake i te 90HRB, he maeneene te hononga ki te ferrule, ā, he pono te hiri, ka taea te ārai i te turuturu i te wā o te tukanga pēhanga. He maha ngā rahi o ngā pūnaha ine me ngā pūnaha haurua e wātea ana, ā, ka taea te whakarite i te roa.
Takirere ngira: Ko te rauemi o te tinana o te takirere ngira taputapu he paerewa ASTM A182. He hanganga karaihe kiato te tukanga hanga, ā, he kaha te ātete ki te rakuraku, ka taea te whakarato i tētahi hiri pono ake. Ka taea e te matua takirere kōniko te whakarerekē tonu me te paku i te rere o te reo. Ko te pane takirere me te nohoanga takirere he hiri whakaputa hei whakapai ake i te roa o te mahi o te takirere. Ka tutuki i te hoahoa kiato ngā whakaritenga tāutanga i roto i te wāhi whaiti, me te wetewete me te tiaki watea me te roa o te mahi.
Takirere pōro:He hanganga kotahi, he hanganga rua, he hanganga whakauru me ētahi atu hanganga o te tinana takirere. He maha ngā takirua puna pūrerehua kua hangaia ki te tihi, ka taea te ātete ki te wiri kaha. He nohoanga takirere hiri whakarewa, he iti te whakatuwheratanga me te katinga, he hoahoa tākai motuhake, he ātete turuturu, he kaha te ātete ki te waikura, he roa te ora ratonga, ā, he maha ngā tauira rere ka taea te whiriwhiri.
Takirere whakaora taurite: E ai ki te ingoa, he taputapu tiaki ā-ringa te takirere whakawātea taurite, ka taea te whakarite i te pēhanga whakatuwheratanga. Ka mahi i raro i te pēhanga teitei, ā, kāore e pāngia e te pēhanga whakamuri. Ina piki te pēhanga pūnaha, ka puare mārire te takirere hei tuku i te pēhanga pūnaha. Ina heke te pēhanga pūnaha ki raro i te pēhanga kua whakaritea, ka tere te hiri anō o te takirere, kia mau ai te pumau o te pēhanga pūnaha, te iti o te rahinga me te watea o te tiaki.
Takirere hiri-pū: Ka whakamahia e te takirere hiri-pūhau he pūhau whakarewa tino tika, he ātete ki te waikura, he pono ake hoki te mahi i te papaanga. Ka whakamahia e te pane takirere he hoahoa kore-hurihuri, ā, ka taea e te hiri whakaputa te whakaroa ake i te roa o te ora o te takirere. Ka paahitia e ia takirere te whakamātautau herium, me te hiri pono, te aukati i te turuturu me te tāutanga watea.
He whānuitanga o ngā hua me ngā momo katoa a Hikelok. Ka taea hoki te whakarite kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki. Ā muri ake nei, ka ārahi ngā miihini i te tāutanga i roto i te tukanga katoa, ā, ka whakautu mai te ratonga muri-hoko i te wā tika. Mēnā he maha atu ngā hua e whakamahia ana ki te umanga hiko karihi, nau mai haere mai ki te kōrero!
Mō ētahi atu taipitopito tono, tirohia te kōwhiringangā rārangi pukapukai rungaPaetukutuku mana o HikelokMena he pātai āu mō te whiriwhiri, whakapā atu ki ngā kaimahi hokohoko ngaio a Hikelok e tuwhera ana i te ipurangi mō ngā hāora 24.
Wā tuku: Maehe-25-2022