Monga tonse tikudziwa, malo opangira magetsi otentha amagwiritsa ntchito malasha ndi mafuta popanga magetsi, malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi popanga magetsi, ndipo kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphepo kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphepo popanga magetsi. Kodi malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito nyukiliya amagwiritsa ntchito chiyani popanga magetsi? Kodi amagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake ndi kotani?
1. Kapangidwe ndi mfundo za fakitale yamagetsi ya nyukiliya
Siteshoni yamagetsi ya nyukiliya ndi mtundu watsopano wa siteshoni yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zili mu nyukiliya kuti ipange mphamvu yamagetsi ikasinthidwa. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo awiri: Chilumba cha Nyukiliya (N1) ndi chilumba chachikhalidwe (CI). Zipangizo zazikulu pachilumba cha nyukiliya ndi reactor ya nyukiliya ndi jenereta ya nthunzi, pomwe zida zazikulu pachilumba chachikhalidwe ndi turbine ya gasi ndi jenereta ndi zida zawo zothandizira.
Malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amagwiritsa ntchito uranium, chitsulo cholemera kwambiri, ngati zinthu zopangira. Uranium imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta a nyukiliya ndikuyiyika mu rekitala. Kugawanika kumachitika mu zida za rekitala kuti apange mphamvu zambiri zotenthetsera. Madzi omwe ali pansi pa kuthamanga kwakukulu amatulutsa mphamvu zotenthetsera ndikupanga nthunzi mu jenereta ya nthunzi kuti asinthe mphamvu zotenthetsera kukhala mphamvu yamakina. Nthunzi imayendetsa turbine ya gasi kuti izungulire mwachangu ndi jenereta, kusintha mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zidzapangidwa mosalekeza. Iyi ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito ya malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya.
2. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya
Poyerekeza ndi malo opangira magetsi otentha, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ali ndi ubwino wokhala ndi zinyalala zochepa, mphamvu zambiri zopangira komanso mpweya wochepa. Zida zazikulu zopangira magetsi otentha ndi malasha. Malinga ndi deta yofunikira, mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi kugawanika kwathunthu kwa 1 kg ya uranium-235 ndi yofanana ndi mphamvu yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi kuyaka kwa matani 2700 a malasha wamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti zinyalala za malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndi zochepa kwambiri kuposa za malo opangira magetsi otentha, pomwe mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ya malo opangira magetsi otentha. Nthawi yomweyo, pali zinthu zachilengedwe zowononga zomwe zili m'malasha, zomwe zimapanga ufa wambiri wa poizoni komanso wowononga pang'ono pambuyo poyaka. Amatulutsidwanso mwachindunji m'chilengedwe ngati phulusa la ntchentche, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Komabe, malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera kuti aletse kuipitsidwa kuti kusatulutsidwe m'chilengedwe ndikuteteza chilengedwe ku zinthu zowononga mpaka pamlingo winawake.
Komabe, mafakitale opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya amakumananso ndi mavuto awiri ovuta. Limodzi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa kutentha. Makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya amatulutsa kutentha kwambiri m'malo ozungulira kuposa mafakitale wamba opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, kotero kuipitsidwa kwa kutentha kwa mafakitale opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi koopsa kwambiri. Lachiwiri ndi zinyalala za nyukiliya. Pakadali pano, palibe njira yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika yochizira zinyalala za nyukiliya. Kawirikawiri, zimauma ndikusungidwa m'nyumba yosungira zinyalala ya fakitale yamagetsi ya nyukiliya, kenako zimasamutsidwa kupita kumalo omwe boma lasankha kuti zisungidwe kapena kukonzedwa patatha zaka 5-10.Ngakhale kuti zinyalala za nyukiliya sizingachotsedwe m'kanthawi kochepa, chitetezo cha njira yosungiramo zinthuzo chili chotsimikizika.
Palinso vuto lomwe limapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi mantha akamalankhula za mphamvu ya nyukiliya - ngozi za nyukiliya. Pakhala ngozi zazikulu zingapo za nyukiliya m'mbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation kuchokera ku mafakitale a nyukiliya zituluke mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ndi chilengedwe ziwonongeke kwamuyaya, ndipo chitukuko cha mphamvu ya nyukiliya chayima. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha mlengalenga komanso kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa mphamvu, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, monga mphamvu yokhayo yoyera yomwe ingalowe m'malo mwa mafuta osungiramo zinthu zakale pamlingo waukulu, yabwerera kwa anthu ambiri. Mayiko ayamba kuyambitsanso mafakitale a nyukiliya. Kumbali imodzi, amalimbitsa ulamuliro wa mafakitale a nyukiliya, kukonzanso mapulani ndikuwonjezera ndalama. Kumbali ina, amasintha zida ndi ukadaulo ndikufunafuna njira yotetezeka yogwirira ntchito mafakitale a nyukiliya. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zopanga, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Mphamvu zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya kumalo osiyanasiyana kudzera mu gridi yamagetsi zikuwonjezekanso pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinayamba kulowa m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu.
3. Ma valve a mphamvu ya nyukiliya
Ma valve amagetsi a nyukiliya amatanthauza ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chilumba cha nyukiliya (N1), chilumba chachikhalidwe (CI) ndi makina othandizira malo opangira magetsi (BOP) m'mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya. Ponena za mulingo wachitetezo, umagawidwa m'magawo a chitetezo cha nyukiliya I, II, III ndi omwe si a nyukiliya. Pakati pawo, zofunikira pa mulingo wa chitetezo cha nyukiliya I ndizopamwamba kwambiri. Valavu yamagetsi a nyukiliya ndi zida zambiri zowongolera ma transmission apakati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mufakitale yamagetsi a nyukiliya, ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa fakitale yamagetsi a nyukiliya.
Mu makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, ma valve a nyukiliya, monga gawo lofunika kwambiri, ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala. Mbali zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
(1) Kapangidwe kake, kukula kwa kulumikizana, kuthamanga ndi kutentha, kapangidwe kake, kupanga ndi kuyesa koyesera kuyenera kutsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu kapangidwe kake ndi miyezo ya makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya;
(2) Kupanikizika kogwira ntchito kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamlingo wopanikizika wa magawo osiyanasiyana a chomera chamagetsi cha nyukiliya;
(3) Chogulitsacho chiyenera kukhala ndi kutseka bwino, kukana kuwonongeka, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kukanda komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali.
Hikelok yakhala ikudzipereka kupereka ma valve ndi zolumikizira zida zapamwamba kwambiri kumakampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya kwa zaka zambiri. Takhala tikugwira nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu mapulojekiti operekera zida za nyukiliya.Malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ku Daya Bay, Guangxi Fangchenggang mphamvu ya nyukiliya, 404 fakitale ya China National Nuclear Industry CorporationndiBungwe Lofufuza za Mphamvu za NyukiliyaTili ndi kusankha ndi kuyesa zinthu mosamala, ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wokonza zinthu, kuwongolera njira zopangira zinthu mosamala, akatswiri opanga ndi kuwunika zinthu, komanso kuwongolera maulalo onse. Zogulitsazi zathandiza kuti makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya akhale ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kapangidwe kokhazikika.
4. Kugula zinthu zamagetsi a nyukiliya
Zogulitsa za Hikelok zimapangidwa motsatira miyezo ya makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndipo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ma valve a zida, zolumikizira ndi zinthu zina zomwe makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya amafunikira m'mbali zonse.
Kuyika chubu cha ferrule ziwiri: zadutsaMayeso 12 oyesera kuphatikiza mayeso a kugwedezeka ndi mayeso otsimikizira mpweya, ndipo imachizidwa ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wa carburizing wotsika kutentha, womwe umapereka chitsimikizo chodalirika cha kugwiritsa ntchito ferrule yeniyeni; Nati ya ferrule imakonzedwa ndi siliva, zomwe zimapewa kuluma panthawi yoyika; Ulusiwu umagwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira kuti ukonze kuuma ndi kutha kwa pamwamba ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zolumikizira. Zigawozo zili ndi kutseka kodalirika, kuteteza kutuluka kwa madzi, kukana kuwonongeka, kuyika kosavuta, ndipo zimatha kuchotsedwa ndikuchotsedwa mobwerezabwereza.
Cholumikizira cholumikizira zida: Kupanikizika kwakukulu kumatha kukhala 12600psi, kukana kutentha kwambiri kumatha kufika 538 ℃, ndipo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kukana dzimbiri kwamphamvu. M'mimba mwake wakunja kwa malekezero a zolumikizira zolumikizira zolumikizira umagwirizana ndi kukula kwa chubu, ndipo ukhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi chubu cholumikizira zolumikizira. Kulumikizana kwa zolumikizira kumatha kugawidwa m'magawo a metric system ndi fractional system. Mitundu ya zolumikizira imaphatikizapo union, elbow, tee ndi cross, zomwe zimatha kusintha malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoyikira.
Kupaka mapaipi: Pambuyo popukuta makina, pickling ndi njira zina, pamwamba pa chubucho pamakhala kowala ndipo mkati mwake ndi woyera. Kupanikizika kogwira ntchito kumatha kufika 12000psi, kuuma sikupitirira 90HRB, kulumikizana ndi ferrule kumakhala kosalala, ndipo kutsekako ndikodalirika, komwe kumatha kuletsa kutayikira panthawi yopangira kupanikizika. Kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa makina a metric ndi fractional kulipo, ndipo kutalika kumatha kusinthidwa.
Valavu ya singano: Zida za thupi la valavu ya singano ya chida ndi muyezo wa ASTM A182. Njira yopangira ili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono ka kristalo komanso kukana kukanda mwamphamvu, komwe kungapereke chisindikizo chodalirika kwambiri. Pakati pa valavu yozungulira imatha kusintha kayendedwe kapakati mosalekeza komanso pang'ono. Mutu wa valavu ndi mpando wa valavu ndi chisindikizo chotulutsidwa kuti chiwongolere moyo wa valavu. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kakukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuyika pamalo opapatiza, ndi kusokoneza kosavuta ndi kukonza komanso moyo wautali wautumiki.
Valavu ya mpira:Thupi la valavu lili ndi kapangidwe ka chidutswa chimodzi, zidutswa ziwiri, zophatikizika ndi zina. Pamwamba pake papangidwa ndi ma spring a gulugufe angapo, omwe amatha kupirira kugwedezeka kwamphamvu. Amapereka mpando wa valavu wotseka ndi zitsulo, mphamvu yaying'ono yotsegulira ndi kutseka, kapangidwe kapadera kolongedza, kosataya madzi, kukana dzimbiri mwamphamvu, moyo wautali, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zoyendera zitha kusankhidwa.
Valavu yothandizira pofanana: monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ndi chipangizo choteteza makina, chomwe chingathe kukhazikitsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Imagwira ntchito pansi pa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndipo sikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumbuyo. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kukakwera, valavu imatseguka pang'onopang'ono kuti itulutse kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kukatsika pansi pa kuthamanga kwa mpweya komwe kwayikidwa, valavu imatsekanso mwachangu, kuonetsetsa kuti kuthamanga kwa mpweya kukukhazikika, kuchuluka kochepa komanso kukonza kosavuta.
Valavu yotsekedwa ndi bellows: Valavu yotsekedwa ndi bellow imagwiritsa ntchito ma bellow achitsulo opangidwa molondola omwe ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso chitsimikizo chodalirika chogwirira ntchito pamalopo. Mutu wa vavu umagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kosazungulira, ndipo chisindikizo chotulutsa mpweya chingathe kutalikitsa moyo wa valavu. Vavu iliyonse imadutsa mayeso a helium, yokhala ndi kutseka kodalirika, kupewa kutuluka kwa madzi komanso kuyika kosavuta.
Hikelok ili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu yonse. Ikhozanso kusinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala. Pambuyo pake, mainjiniya adzatsogolera kuyika konsekonse, ndipo ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa idzayankha pakapita nthawi. Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumakampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya zalandiridwa kuti mufunse!
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kuyitanitsa, chonde onani zomwe mwasankhamakatalogupaWebusaiti yovomerezeka ya HikelokNgati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse okhudza kusankha, chonde funsani akatswiri ogulitsa pa intaneti a Hikelok omwe amagwira ntchito maola 24 pa intaneti.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-25-2022