Insimbi engagqwaliuhlobo lwensimbi, insimbi ibhekisela enanini lekhabhoni (C) ku-2% elandelayo ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi, okungaphezu kuka-2% kuyinsimbi. Insimbi enqubweni yokuncibilikisa ukwengeza i-chromium (Cr), i-nickel (Ni), i-manganese (Mn), i-silicon (Si), i-titanium (Ti), i-molybdenum (Mo) nezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwensimbi ukuze insimbi ibe nokumelana nokugqwala (okungukuthi, hhayi ukugqwala) sivame ukusho ukuthi insimbi engagqwali.
Insimbi engagqwali enqubweni yokuncibilikisa, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwezinto zokuhlanganisa zezinhlobo ezahlukene, izinhlobo ezahlukene zenani elihlukile. Izici zayo nazo zihlukile, ukuze kuhlukaniswe umqhele ngezinombolo ezahlukene zensimbi.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile kwensimbi engagqwali
1. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304
Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 uhlobo lwensimbi oluvame kakhulu, njengensimbi esetshenziswa kabanzi, inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla okushisa aphansi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini; Ukunyathela, ukugoba kanye nezinye izindlela zokushisa kuhle, akukho ukuqina kokwelashwa kokushisa (akukho magnetic, bese usebenzisa izinga lokushisa -196℃ ~ 800℃).
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: izinto zasekhaya (1, 2 izitsha zokudla, amakhabethe, amapayipi angaphakathi, ama-heater amanzi, ama-boiler, amabhavu); Izingxenye zezimoto (i-wiper ye-windshield, i-muffler, imikhiqizo yesikhunta); Izinto Zokusebenza Zezokwelapha, Izinto Zokwakha, Ikhemistri, Imboni Yokudla, Ezolimo, Izingxenye Zemikhumbi
2. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304L (uL unekhabhoni ephansi)
Njengensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni engu-304, esimweni esijwayelekile, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kanye ne-304 kuyafana, kodwa ngemva kokushisela noma ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, ukumelana kwayo nekhono lokugqwala lomngcele wokusanhlamvu kuhle kakhulu; Uma kungekho ukwelashwa kokushisa, ingagcina ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala, ukusetshenziswa kwezinga lokushisa elingu-196℃ ~ 800℃.
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali, yamalahle kanye nephethiloli enezidingo eziphezulu zokumelana nokugqwala komngcele wokusanhlamvu kwemishini yangaphandle, izingxenye zokwakha ezingamelana nokushisa kanye nezingxenye ezinobunzima ekwelashweni kokushisa.
3. 316 insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-molybdenum, ngakho-ke ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqwala komoya kanye namandla okushisa aphezulu kuhle kakhulu, kungasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima; Ukuqina komsebenzi okuhle kakhulu (okungenamagnetic).
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: imishini yamanzi olwandle, amakhemikhali, izinto zodayi, ukwenza iphepha, i-oxalic acid, umanyolo kanye neminye imishini yokukhiqiza; Izithombe, imboni yokudla, izindawo zasogwini, izintambo, izinduku ze-CD, amabhawodi, amantongomane.
4. I-stainless steel engu-316L (uL uphansi kwekhabhoni)
Njengochungechunge lwensimbi engu-316 olunekhabhoni ephansi, ngaphezu kwezici ezifanayo nensimbi engu-316, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala komngcele wokusanhlamvu kuhle kakhulu.
Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: izidingo ezikhethekile zokumelana nemikhiqizo yokugqwala emingceleni yokusanhlamvu.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza
1. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingama-316 kanye ne-316L ziyi-molybdenum equkethe izinsimbi ezingagqwali. Okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kwensimbi engagqwali engama-316L kuphakeme kancane kunokwensimbi engagqwali engama-316. Ngenxa ye-molybdenum ensimbini, ukusebenza kwensimbi iyonke kungcono kunezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingama-310 kanye ne-304. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid kungaphansi kuka-15% nangaphezulu kuka-85%, izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingama-316 zinezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa. Insimbi engagqwali engama-316 nayo inezakhiwo ezinhle zokuguguleka kwe-chloride, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemanzini. Insimbi engagqwali engama-316L inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni okungu-0.03. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa lapho ukuncibilika kwe-post-weld kungenzeki khona futhi lapho kudingeka ukumelana okukhulu kokugqwala.
2. Coukumelana nokukhuphuka kwe-rosion
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali engu-316 kungcono kunokwensimbi engagqwali engu-304. Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-pulp nephepha. Futhi insimbi engagqwali engu-316 nayo imelana nokuguguleka komoya wezimboni zasolwandle kanye nokushisa. Ngokuvamile, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 kanye nensimbi engagqwali engu-316 imelana nezakhiwo zokugqwala kwamakhemikhali azinamehluko omkhulu, kodwa kwezinye izinto ezithile zihlukile.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 yasungulwa ekuqaleni, eyayizwela ukugqwala kwe-Pitting ezimweni ezithile. Ukwengeza i-molybdenum eyengeziwe engu-2-3% kunciphisa lokhu kuzwela, okwaholela ku-316. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le molybdenum eyengeziwe inganciphisa ukugqwala kwamanye ama-acid ashisayo e-organic.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316 cishe isibe yinto ejwayelekile embonini yokudla neziphuzo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-molybdenum emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel kunsimbi engagqwali engu-316, insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ibiza kakhulu kunensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
Ukugqwala kwe-pitting kuyinto ebangelwa kakhulu ukugqwala okubekwe phezu kwensimbi engagqwali, okubangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo futhi okungenakwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-chromium oxide. Ikakhulukazi kuma-valve amancane, mancane amathuba okuthi i-pitting ibekwe kwi-disc, ngakho-ke i-pitting ayivamile.
Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zendlela yokuxhumana yamanzi (amanzi acwengekile, amanzi okuphuza, amanzi omfula, amanzi abilayo, amanzi olwandle, njll.), ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 kanye nensimbi engagqwali engu-316 cishe kuyafana, ngaphandle kokuthi okuqukethwe yi-chloride ion endaweni yokuxhumana kuphezulu kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ifaneleka kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 kanye nensimbi engagqwali engu-316 akuhlukile kakhulu, kodwa kwezinye izimo kungase kuhluke kakhulu, kudinga ukuhlaziywa ngokwesimo ngasinye.
3. Ukumelana nokushisa
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316 inokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation ekusetshenzisweni okungaguquki ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-1600 kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-1700. Ebangeni lama-degrees angu-800-1575, kungcono ukungasebenzisi insimbi engagqwali engu-316, kodwa ebangeni lokushisa lokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwensimbi engagqwali engu-316, insimbi engagqwali inokumelana okuhle nokushisa. Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L inokumelana okungcono ne-carbide precipitation kunensimbi engagqwali engu-316, engasetshenziswa ebangeni lokushisa elingenhla.
4. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa
Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing kwenziwa ebangeni lokushisa eliphakathi kwama-degrees angu-1850 kuya kwangu-2050, kulandelwe ukufakwa kwe-annealing okusheshayo bese kuba ukupholisa okusheshayo. Insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ayikwazi ukushiswa kakhulu ukuze iqine.
5. Ukushisela
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316 inekhono elihle lokushisela. Zonke izindlela zokushisela ezijwayelekile zingasetshenziswa ekushiseleni. Ngokwenhloso yokushisela, induku noma i-electrode yensimbi engagqwali engu-316CB, 316L noma 309CB ingasetshenziswa ekushiseleni. Ukuze kutholakale ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala, ingxenye yokushisela yensimbi engagqwali engu-316 idinga ukushiselwa ngemva kokushisela. Ukushisela ngemuva kokushisela akudingeki uma kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali engu-316L.
I-Hikelokipayipi elingenamthungo lensimbi engagqwalisebenzisa izinto ezingu-316L. ezinye izinto zokufaka amashubhu namavalvu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinto ezingu-316.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-23-2022