ASTM: American Society for Testing and MaterialsANSI:AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTEASME: American Society yeMechanical EngineersAPI: American Petroleum Institute
Nhanganyaya
ASTM: American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) yaimbova International Association for testing materials (IATM).Mumakore ekuma1980, kuitira kugadzirisa maonero uye mutsauko pakati pemutengi nemutengesi mukutenga nekutengesa zvinhu zvemaindasitiri, vamwe vanhu vakaronga kumisa komiti yehunyanzvi, uye komiti yehunyanzvi yakaronga vamiriri kubva kune ese maficha kuti vatore chikamu. iyo Technical Symposium yekukurukura uye kugadzirisa nyaya dzekupokana maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu uye maitiro ekuyedza.Musangano wekutanga weIATM wakaitwa muEurope muna 1882, pakaumbwa komiti inoshanda.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) yakavambwa muna 1918. Panguva iyoyo, makambani mazhinji uye mapoka ehunyanzvi uye ehunyanzvi muUnited States akatanga basa rekuenzanisa, asi pakanga paine kupesana kwakawanda uye matambudziko nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekubatana pakati pavo.Kuti uenderere mberi nekunatsiridza mashandiro, mazana esainzi uye tekinoroji nzanga, masangano emubatanidzwa nemapoka vese vanotenda kuti zvakakosha kumisa sangano rakasarudzika uye kugadzira chiyero chakabatana.
ASME: American Society of mechanical engineers yakavambwa muna 1880. Iye zvino yava sangano repasi rose redzidzo uye tekinoroji risingabatsiri rine nhengo dzinopfuura 125000 pasi rose.Sezvo iyo interdisciplinary cross-disciplinary mumunda weinjiniya iri kuwedzera, ASME kudhindwa kunopawo ruzivo nezve interdisciplinary frontier tekinoroji.Zvidzidzo zvakafukidzwa zvinosanganisira: basic engineering, kugadzira, system dhizaini uye zvichingodaro.
API: API Ndiyo chidimbu cheAmerican Petroleum Institute.API yakavambwa muna 1919, ndiyo yekutanga bhizinesi renyika mubatanidzwa muUnited States, uye imwe yeakare uye akabudirira mazinga ekuseta makamuri munyika.
Mabasa
ASTMinonyanya kuita mukugadzirwa kwehunhu uye maitiro ekuita kwezvishandiso, zvigadzirwa, masisitimu nemasevhisi, uye inoparadzira ruzivo rwakakodzera.Miyero yeASTM inogadzirwa neiyo tekinoroji komiti uye inonyorwa nemazinga anoshanda boka.NyangweASTMzviyero zviyero zvakagadzirirwa neasina pamutemo mapoka ezvidzidzo, ASTM zviyero zvakakamurwa kuita gumi neshanu mapoka, vhoriyamu yakaburitswa, uye kupatsanurwa uye huwandu hwemazinga ndeaya anotevera:
Classification:
(1) Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi
(2) Simbi dzisina ferrous
(3) Nzira yekuedza uye maitiro ekuongorora zvinhu zvesimbi
(4) Zvinhu zvokuvaka
(5) Zvigadzirwa zvepetroleum, mafuta ekuzora uye mafuta emafuta
(6) Pendi, machira ane hukama uye zvinonhuhwirira zvinosanganiswa
(7) Micheka uye zvinhu
(8) Purasitiki
(9) Rubber
(10) Magetsi insulators uye zvemagetsi
(11) Mvura uye tekinoroji yezvakatipoteredza
(12) Simba renyukireya, simba rezuva
(13) Zvishandiso zvekurapa uye masevhisi
(14) Zviridzwa uye zvakajairika nzira dzekuyedza
(15) General maindasitiri zvigadzirwa, akakosha makemikari uye zvinodyiwa
ANSI:National Standards Institute yeUnited States iboka risingaite purofiti risiri purofiti risingaite purofiti boka.Asi yave National Standardization Center chokwadi;mabasa ese ekumisikidza akaitenderedza.Kuburikidza nazvo, hurongwa hwehurumende hunoenderana nehurongwa hweveruzhinji hunoshanda pamwe chete, uye hunoita basa rebhiriji pakati pehurumende yemubatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekumisikidza vanhu.Inoronga uye inotungamira zviitiko zvepasi rose, inobatsira kuumbwa kwemazinga, kutsvagisa uye kushandisa zvikamu, uye inopa ruzivo rwemumba neyekunze.Inotambawo basa renhengo yekutonga.
National Standards Institute yeUnited States haiwanzo kugadza zviyero pachayo.Idzi nzira nhatu dzinotevera dzinogamuchirwa kugadzirira kwayo ANSI chiyero:
1. Zvikwata zvakabatanidzwa zvichave nebasa rekunyora, kukoka nyanzvi kana mapoka enyanzvi kuti avhote, uye kuendesa zvigumisiro kumusangano wekuongorora mitemo yakagadzwa neANSI kuti iongororwe uye ibvumirwe.Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kuti poll method.
2. Vamiririri veKomiti yakarongeka nekambani yekambani yeANSI nemamwe masangano achagadzirira maitiro ekugadzirisa, uye nhengo dzose dzichavhota, uye pakupedzisira dzichaongororwa uye dzakabvumirwa nekomiti yekuongorora mitemo.Nzira iyi inonzi mutemo weKomisheni.
3. Maererano nezviyero zvakagadziriswa nemasangano enyanzvi uye masangano, avo vakakura uye vakakosha zvikuru kunyika yose vachasimudzirwa kusvika kumitemo yenyika (ANSI) mushure mekuongororwa nemakomiti eunyanzvi eANSI, uye ichanyorwa ne ANSI. yakajairwa kodhi uye nhamba yekuisa, asi yekutanga nyanzvi chiyero kodhi ichachengetwa panguva imwe chete.
Izvo zviyero zveNational Standards Institute of America zvakanyanya kubva kuhunyanzvi zviyero.Nekune rimwe divi, masangano ehunyanzvi uye masangano anogona zvakare kugadzira mamwe zvigadzirwa zviyero zvinoenderana neiyo iripo yenyika zviyero.Chokwadika, tinogonawo kugadza mipimo yedu timene yeSangano pasina kuwirirana nemipimo yenyika.Izvo zviyero zve ANSI ndezvekuzvidira.IUnited States inotenda kuti zviyero zvinosungirwa zvinogona kudzikisira kuwanikwa kwekubudirira.Zvisineyi, mazinga akataurwa nemutemo uye akagadzirwa nemadhipatimendi ehurumende anowanzo kuve anosungirwa.
ASME: inonyanya kuita basa rekusimudzira sainzi uye tekinoroji muinjiniya yemechani uye minda ine hukama, ichikurudzira tsvakiridzo yekutanga, kusimudzira shanduko dzedzidzo, kusimudzira kushandira pamwe nehumwe huinjiniya nemasangano, kuita zviitiko zvekumisikidza uye kugadzira makodhi makodhi uye zviyero.Kubva payakavambwa, ASME yakatungamira kuvandudzwa kwemakanika zviyero, uye yakagadzira zvinopfuura mazana matanhatu zviyero kubva pakutanga tambo zviyero kusvika zvino.Muna 1911, iyo boiler muchina wekuraira komiti yakagadzwa, uye iyo mechanic rairo yakapihwa kubva 1914 kusvika 1915, iyo yakasanganiswa nemitemo yenyika dzakasiyana siyana neCanada.ASME yave sangano repasi rose reinjiniya mumunda wetekinoroji, dzidzo uye kuongorora.
API: inzvimbo yakatenderwa yekuseta agency yeANSI.Magadzirirwo ayo akajairwa anotevera kurongeka uye kugadziridza maitiro zviyero zve ANSI, API zvakare yakaumbwa pamwe chete uye yakaburitswa zviyero neASTM.API miyero inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemabhizinesi muChina uye inotorwa nemubatanidzwa uye yenyika mitemo nemitemo yeUnited States, pamwe neDhipatimendi rekufambisa, Ministry of Defense, Occupational Safety and Health Management, United States Customs, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Sangano, United States Geological Survey Bureau Vanotorwa nemasangano ehurumende, uye vanotaurwawo neISO, sangano repasi rose remitemo yemetroology uye zvinopfuura zana yenyika pasi rose.
API: chiyero chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemabhizinesi muChina uye chinotaurwa nemubatanidzwa uye yenyika mitemo nemirairo yeUnited States, pamwe nemasangano ehurumende akadai seBazi rezvekutakurwa, Ministry of Defense, kuchengetedzwa kwemabasa uye hutano hutongi, United States. States Customs, agency inodzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, United States Geological Survey Bureau, nezvimwewo, asi zvakare yakataurwa neISO, sangano repasi rose remutemo metrology sangano uye anopfuura zana enyika mwero pasi rose.
Kusiyana uye kubatana
Iyi mipimo mina inopindirana uye inogona kushandiswa sereferensi.Semuyenzaniso, ASME zviyero muzvinhu zvinobva kuASTM, uye API inoshandiswa kumazinga evharuvhu, nepo pombi fittings, iwo anobva kuANSI.Musiyano ndewekuti indasitiri inotarisa pane zvakasiyana, saka zviyero zvakagamuchirwa zvakasiyana.API, ASTM, ASME ese inhengo dzeANSI.
Izvo zviyero zveNational Standards Institute of America zvakanyanya kubva kuhunyanzvi zviyero.Nekune rimwe divi, masangano ehunyanzvi uye masangano anogona zvakare kugadzira mamwe zvigadzirwa zviyero zvinoenderana neiyo iripo yenyika zviyero.Chokwadika, tinogonawo kugadza mipimo yedu timene yeSangano pasina kuwirirana nemipimo yenyika.
ASME haiite basa chairo, uye basa rekuyedza uye rekugadzira rinenge rapedzwa neANSI neASTM.ASME inongoziva makodhi ekushandisa kwavo, saka zvinowanzoonekwa kuti iyo yakadzokororwa chiyero nhamba ndiyo yakafanana zvirimo.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-23-2022