Sezvatinoziva tese, nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa marasha nemafuta kugadzira magetsi, nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa Hydropower kugadzira magetsi, uye nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa mhepo kugadzira magetsi. Nzvimbo dzemagetsi enyukireya dzinoshandisa chii kugadzira magetsi? Dzinoshanda sei? Ndezvipi zvakanakira nezvazvakaipira?
1. Kuumbwa uye musimboti wenzvimbo yesimba renyukireya
Chiteshi chemagetsi chenyukireya imhando itsva yechiteshi chemagetsi chinoshandisa simba riri munucleus yeatomu kugadzira simba remagetsi mushure mekushandurwa. Chinowanzova nezvikamu zviviri: Chitsuwa cheNyukireya (N1) nechitsuwa chetsika (CI). Midziyo mikuru muchitsuwa chenyukireya ireaktori yenyukireya nejenareta yemhepo, nepo michina mikuru muchitsuwa chetsika iturbine yegesi nejenareta pamwe chete nemimwe michina yekubatsira inoenderana nazvo.
Chigadziko chemagetsi enyukireya chinoshandisa uranium, simbi inorema zvikuru, sezvinhu zvakabikwa. Uranium inoshandiswa kugadzira mafuta enyukireya yoiisa mureactor. Kutsemuka kunoitika mumidziyo yereactor kuti igadzire simba guru rekupisa. Mvura iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya inoburitsa simba rekupisa uye inogadzira utsi mujenareta yemhepo kuti ishandure simba rekupisa kuita simba remagetsi. Utsi hunofambisa turbine yegesi kuti itenderere nekumhanya kukuru nejenareta, ichishandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi, uye simba remagetsi richagara richigadzirwa. Iyi ndiyo nheyo inoshanda yegwenareta yemagetsi enyukireya.
2. Zvakanakira nezvakaipa zvesimba renyukireya
Zvichienzaniswa nemagetsi anodziya, magwenya esimba renyukireya ane zvakanakira zvemarara madiki, kugona kukuru kwekugadzira uye kuburitsa mweya mudiki. Chinhu chikuru chekugadzira magwenya esimba rekupisa imarasha. Sekureva kwedata rakakodzera, simba rinoburitswa nekupatsanurwa kwe1 kg yeuranium-235 rakaenzana nesimba rinoburitswa nekupiswa kwematani 2700 emarasha akajairwa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti marara egwenya resimba renyukireya mashoma pane egwenya resimba rinodziya, nepo simba rinogadzirwa rakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura regwenya resimba rinodziya. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune zvinhu zvechisikigo zvine radioactive mumarasha, izvo zvinogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hweupfu hweash hune chepfu uye hune radioactive zvishoma mushure mekupiswa. Zvinoburitswawo zvakananga munzvimbo yakatenderedza muchimiro cheash inobhururuka, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakanyanya. Zvisinei, magwenya esimba renyukireya anoshandisa nzira dzekudzivirira kusvibiswa kuti kusaburitswa munzvimbo yakatenderedza uye kudzivirira nharaunda kubva kuzvinhu zvine radioactive kusvika pamwero wakati.
Zvisinei, zviteshi zvemagetsi zvenyukireya zvinosanganawo nematambudziko maviri akaoma. Rimwe kusvibiswa kwemafuta. Zviteshi zvemagetsi zvenyukireya zvinoburitsa kupisa kwakawanda munzvimbo yakapoteredza kupfuura zviteshi zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvenyukireya, saka kusvibiswa kwemafuta emagetsi enyukireya kwakanyanya kuipa. Chechipiri marara enyukireya. Parizvino, hapana nzira yakachengeteka uye inogara iripo yekurapa marara enyukireya. Kazhinji, anooma uye anochengetwa mudura remarara echiteshi chemagetsi enyukireya, uye obva atakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yakatarwa nehurumende kuti achengetwe kana kugadziriswa mushure memakore mashanu kusvika gumi.Kunyange hazvo marara enyukireya asingagone kubviswa munguva pfupi, kuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro avo ekuchengetera zvinhu kwakavimbiswa.
Panewo dambudziko rinoita kuti vanhu vatye pavanotaura nezvesimba renyukireya - tsaona dzenyukireya. Kwave netsaona dzakawanda huru dzenyukireya munhoroondo, zvichikonzera kubuda kwezvinhu zvine mwaranzi kubva muzviteshi zvesimba renyukireya mumhepo, zvichikonzera kukuvara kusingaperi kuvanhu nenharaunda, uye kukura kwesimba renyukireya kwamira. Zvisinei, nekushata kwezvakatipoteredza zvemumhepo uye kupera zvishoma nezvishoma kwesimba, simba renyukireya, sesimba rega rakachena rinogona kutsiva mafuta efossil pamwero mukuru, radzokera kumaonero everuzhinji. Nyika dzakatanga kutangazve zviteshi zvesimba renyukireya. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanosimbisa kutonga kwezviteshi zvesimba renyukireya, kuronga patsva uye kuwedzera mari. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanovandudza michina netekinoroji uye vanotsvaga nzira yakachengeteka yekushanda kwezviteshi zvesimba renyukireya. Mushure memakore ekuvandudza, kuchengetedzeka nekuvimbika kwesimba renyukireya kwakawedzerwa kuvandudzwa. Simba rinotumirwa nesimba renyukireya kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza negrid remagetsi riri kuwedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma, uye zvishoma nezvishoma rakatanga kupinda muhupenyu hwevanhu hwezuva nezuva.
3. Mavharuvhu esimba renyukireya
Mavharuvhu esimba renyukireya anoreva mavharuvhu anoshandiswa muzvitsuwa zvenyukireya (N1), zvitsuwa zvechinyakare (CI) uye masisitimu esimba remagetsi (BOP) mumafekitori esimba renyukireya. Panyaya yekuchengetedzwa, yakakamurwa kuva nhanho yekuchengetedzwa kwesimba renyukireya I, II, III uye nhanho isiri yenyukireya. Pakati pazvo, zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza simba renyukireya I ndizvo zvepamusoro. Vharuvhu yesimba renyukireya inhamba huru yemidziyo yekudzora kutumirwa kwepakati inoshandiswa mufekitori yesimba renyukireya, uye chikamu chakakosha uye chakakosha chekushanda kwakachengeteka kwefekitori yesimba renyukireya.
Muindasitiri yesimba renyukireya, mavharuvhu esimba renyukireya, sechikamu chakakosha, anofanira kusarudzwa nekungwarira. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo:
(1) Chimiro, saizi yekubatanidza, kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha, dhizaini, kugadzirwa uye kuyedzwa kwekuyedza zvinofanirwa kutevedzera zvirevo zvedhizaini uye zviyero zveindasitiri yesimba renyukireya;
(2) Kumanikidzwa kunoshanda kunofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa nemazinga akasiyana-siyana esimba renyukireya;
(3) Chigadzirwa chinofanira kuva nechisimbiso chakanaka, chinodzivirira kupera, chinodzivirira ngura, chinodzivirira kukwenywa uye chinoshanda kwenguva refu.
Hikelok yave ichizvipira kupa mavharuvhu emhando yepamusoro uye zvekuisa zvinhu kuindasitiri yesimba renyukireya kwemakore mazhinji. Tave tichitora chikamu muzvirongwa zvekupa zvinhu zvemagetsi.Chiteshi chemagetsi enyukireya cheDaya Bay, Guangxi Fangchenggang nuclear power plant, 404 fekitori yeChina National Nuclear Industry CorporationuyeSangano reKutsvagisa Simba reNyukireyaTine sarudzo yakasimba uye kuyedza zvinhu, tekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzirisa, kudzora maitiro ekugadzira, vashandi vehunyanzvi hwekugadzira nekuongorora, uye kudzora zvakanyanya zvese zvinongedzo. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvakabatsira indasitiri yemagetsi enyukireya nekushanda kwakanaka uye chimiro chakasimba.
4. Kutenga zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi enyukireya
Zvigadzirwa zveHikelok zvakagadzirwa uye zvinogadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neindasitiri yesimba renyukireya, uye zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nemavharuvhu ezvishandiso, zvigadziko nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa neindasitiri yesimba renyukireya mune zvese.
Kukwana kwechubhu yeferrule mbiri: zvapfuuraMiedzo gumi nemiviri yekuedza inosanganisira bvunzo yekudengenyeka uye bvunzo yekudzivirira mweya, uye inorapwa netekinoroji yepamusoro yecarburizing ine tembiricha yakaderera, iyo inopa vimbiso yakavimbika yekushandiswa chaiko kweferrule; Ferrule nzungu inogadziriswa nesirivha, iyo inodzivisa kuruma panguva yekuisa; Tambo iyi inoshandisa nzira yekumonera kuti ivandudze kuomarara uye kupera kwepamusoro uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rezvishandiso. Zvikamu zvacho zvine chisimbiso chakavimbika, chinodzivirira kubuda kwemvura, chinodzivirira kupera, chiri nyore kuisa, uye chinogona kuparadzaniswa nekuparadzaniswa kakawanda.
Kugadzirisa weld pazvishandiso: Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kuva 12600psi, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kusvika 538 ℃, uye simbi isina ngura ine kuramba kwakasimba kwengura. Dhayamita yekunze yemucheto we welding we weld fittings inoenderana nehukuru hwe welding, uye inogona kusanganiswa ne tube ye welding. Kubatana kwe welding kunogona kukamurwa kuita metric system uye fractional system. Mafomu e fittings anosanganisira union, elbow, tee uye cross, izvo zvinogona kuchinjika kune akasiyana ma structure ekuisa.
Kuisa machubhu: Mushure mekupukuta nekushandisa michina, kupukuta nekugadzira simbi nezvimwe zvinhu, nzvimbo yekunze yechubhu inopenya uye nzvimbo yemukati yakachena. Kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunogona kusvika 12000psi, kuomarara hakupfuure 90HRB, kubatana neferrule kwakapfava, uye kuvhara kwakavimbika, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura panguva yekubata pressure. Saizi dzakasiyana dzemetric uye fractional systems dziripo, uye kureba kunogona kugadziriswa.
Vharuvhu yetsono: Chinhu chiri muvharobhu yetsono yemudziyo ndecheASTM A182. Maitiro ekugadzira ane chimiro chekristaro chakasimba uye anodzivirira kukwenya kwakasimba, izvo zvinogona kupa chisimbiso chakavimbika chinodzokororwa. Huremu hwevharobhu hwakaita seconical hunogona kugadzirisa kuyerera kwepakati nguva dzose uye zvishoma. Musoro wevharobhu nechigaro chevharobhu zvinoiswa chisimbiso chakaburitswa kuti zvivandudze hupenyu hwevharobhu. Dhizaini yacho inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuisa munzvimbo yakamanikana, ine nyore kubvisa nekugadzirisa uye hupenyu hwebasa hurefu.
Vharuvhu yebhora:Muviri wevharuvhu une chidimbu chimwe chete, chidimbu zviviri, chinhu chakakosha nezvimwe. Pamusoro payo pakagadzirwa nemapuruguru akawanda, anogona kuramba kuzununguka kwakasimba. Ipa chigaro chevharuvhu chesimbi chinovhara, torque diki yekuvhura nekuvhara, dhizaini yekurongedza yakakosha, haidonhedze mvura, inodzivirira ngura yakasimba, inogara kwenguva refu, uye mapatani akasiyana-siyana ekuyerera anogona kusarudzwa.
Vharuvhu yekubatsira yakaenzana: Sezvinotaurwa nezita racho, vharuvhu rekudzivirira rinoenzana ivharuvhu rekudzivirira, rinogona kugadzirisa kumanikidzwa kwekuvhura. Rinoshanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye harinyanyi kukanganiswa nekumanikidzwa kwemusana. Kana kumanikidzwa kwesystem kukakwira, vharuvhu rinovhurika zvishoma nezvishoma kuti riburitse kumanikidzwa kwesystem. Kana kumanikidzwa kwesystem kwaderera pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaiswa, vharuvhu rinovharazve nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti kumanikidzwa kwesystem kugadzikane, vhoriyamu diki uye kugadziriswa kuri nyore.
Vharuvhu yakavharirwa nemhepo: Vharuvhu yakavharirwa nebellows inoshandisa mabhero esimbi akagadzirwa nemazvo ane simba rekudzivirira ngura uye vimbiso yakavimbika yekushanda panzvimbo yacho. Musoro wevharuvhu unoshandisa dhizaini isingatenderere, uye chisimbiso chekubuda chinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwevharuvhu zviri nani. Vharuvhu yega yega inopfuura bvunzo yehelium, nekuvharwa kwakavimbika, kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura uye kuiswa kuri nyore.
Hikelok ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvigadzirwa nemarudzi akazara. Inogonawo kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Gare gare, mainjiniya achatungamira kuiswa kwese, uye sevhisi yekuzotengesa ichapindura nekufamba kwenguva. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa muindasitiri yemagetsi enyukireya zvinogamuchirwa kubvunza!
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Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-25-2022