Njengoko sisazi sonke, izikhululo zamandla ombane oshushu zisebenzisa imithombo yamalahle ne-oyile ukuvelisa umbane, izikhululo zombane wamanzi zisebenzisa i-Hydropower ukuvelisa umbane, kwaye ukwenziwa kwamandla omoya kusebenzisa amandla omoya ukuvelisa umbane.Zisebenzisa ntoni izikhululo zamandla enyukliya ukuvelisa umbane?Ingaba isebenza kanjani?Ziziphi izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo?
1. Ukwenziwa kunye nomthetho-siseko weziko lamandla enyukliya
Isikhululo samandla senyukliya luhlobo olutsha lwesikhululo samandla esisebenzisa amandla aqulethwe kwinucleus yeatom ukuvelisa amandla ombane emva kokuguqulwa.Idla ngokuba namacandelo amabini: iSiqithi seNyukliya (N1) kunye nesiqithi esiqhelekileyo (CI) .Esona sixhobo siphambili kwisiqithi senyukliya sisixhobo sokwenza inyukliya kunye nejenereyitha yomphunga, ngelixa esona sixhobo siphambili kwisiqithi esiqhelekileyo siyiinjini yegesi kunye nejenereyitha kunye nezixhobo ezihambelanayo. izixhobo.
Iziko lamandla enyukliya lisebenzisa iuranium, isinyithi esinzima kakhulu, njengemathiriyeli ekrwada.I-uranium isetyenziselwa ukwenza amafutha enyukliya kwaye ifakwe kwi-reactor.I-Fission yenzeke kwisixhobo se-reactor ukuvelisa umthamo omkhulu wamandla obushushu.Amanzi aphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu akhupha amandla obushushu kwaye enze umphunga kwijenereyitha yomphunga ukuguqula amandla obushushu abe ngamandla omatshini.Umphunga uqhuba i-iturbine yerhasi ukuba ijikeleze ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nejenereyitha, iguqule amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane, kwaye amandla ombane aya kuveliswa ngokuqhubekayo.Lo ngumgaqo-siseko wokusebenza kwiziko lamandla enyukliya.
2. Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo zamandla enyukliya
Xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zamandla e-thermal, izityalo zamandla enyukliya zineenzuzo zomthamo wenkunkuma encinci, umthamo ophezulu wemveliso kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi.Ngokutsho kwedatha efanelekileyo, amandla akhutshwe yi-fission epheleleyo ye-1 kg ye-uranium-235 ilingana namandla akhutshwe ngokutshiswa kweetoni ezingama-2700 zamalahle aqhelekileyo, kunokubonwa ukuba inkunkuma yeplanti yamandla enyukliya ingaphantsi kakhulu kunoko. leyo yeplanti yamandla e-thermal, ngelixa iyunithi yamandla eveliswayo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yeplanti yamandla e-thermal.Kwangaxeshanye, kukho izinto zendalo radioactive kumalahle, nto leyo eya kuvelisa inani elikhulu eziyityhefu kunye nomgubo kancinane radioactive uthuthu emva kokutsha.Zikwakhululwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimo engqongileyo ngendlela yothuthu lwempukane, nto leyo ebangela ungcoliseko olumandla lomoya.Nangona kunjalo, amaziko amandla enyukliya asebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselayo zokuthintela ungcoliseko ekukhutshelweni kokusingqongileyo nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kwizinto ezinemitha yemitha ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.
Nangona kunjalo, oomatshini bamandla enyukliya nabo bajongene neengxaki ezimbini ezinzima.Enye kungcoliseko lobushushu.Imizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya iya kukhupha inkunkuma eninzi kwindawo engqongileyo kunemizi-mveliso yamandla e-thermal eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke ungcoliseko lwe-thermal lwemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya luyingozi kakhulu.Eyesibini yinkunkuma yenyukliya.Okwangoku, akukho ndlela yonyango ekhuselekileyo nesisigxina yenkunkuma yenyukliya.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iyaqiniswa kwaye igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina inkunkuma yeplanti yamandla enyukliya, kwaye emva koko ithuthelwe kwindawo ekhethwe ngurhulumente ukuba igcinwe okanye unyango emva kweminyaka emi-5-10.Nangona inkunkuma yenyukliya ingenakususwa ngexesha elifutshane, ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yogcino lwabo luqinisekisiwe.
Kukwakho nengxaki eyenza abantu boyike xa bethetha ngamandla enyukliya – iingozi zenyukliya.Kubekho iingozi ezininzi zenyukliya ezimbalini, ezikhokelele ekuvuzelweni kwezinto ezinemitha yokusasazeka kwemitha kwizixhobo zamandla enyukliya ziye emoyeni, zibangele umonakalo osisigxina ebantwini nakwimekobume, kwaye uphuhliso lwamandla enyukliya luye lwadodobala.Noko ke, ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemekobume yomoya nokuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwamandla, amandla enyukliya, njengawo kuphela amandla acocekileyo anokuthi athabathel’ indawo amafutha efosili ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, abuyele ebantwini.Kwelinye icala, zomeleza ulawulo lwemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya, zicwangcise ngokutsha kwaye zandise utyalo-mali.Kwelinye icala, baphucula izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe kwaye bafune indlela ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kwemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya.Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwamandla enyukliya kuye kwaphuculwa ngakumbi.Amandla ahanjiswa ngamandla enyukliya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokusebenzisa igridi yamandla nawo ayakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye aqala ngokucotha ukungena kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu.
3. Iivalvu zamandla enyukliya
Izivalo zamandla eNyukliya zibhekiselele kwiivalvu ezisetyenziswa kwisiqithi senyukliya (N1), isiqithi esiqhelekileyo (CI) kunye nezixhobo ezincedisa isikhululo samandla (BOP) kwiinkqubo zamandla enyukliya.Ngokwenqanaba lokhuseleko, lahlulwe ngokwenqanaba lokhuseleko lwenyukliya I, II. , III kunye nenqanaba elingelonyukliya. Phakathi kwazo, inqanaba lokhuseleko lwenyukliya I lilelona liphezulu.Ivalve yamandla eNyukliya linani elikhulu lezixhobo zolawulo losasazo oluphakathi ezisetyenziswa kwiziko lamandla enyukliya, kwaye liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo nebalulekileyo yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo umzi-mveliso wamandla enyukliya.
Kwishishini lamandla enyukliya, izivalo zamandla enyukliya, njengenxalenye eyimfuneko, kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo.Le miba ilandelayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo:
(1) Ubume, ubungakanani boqhagamshelo, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, uyilo, ukwenziwa kunye novavanyo lovavanyo luya kuhambelana neenkcukacha zoyilo kunye nemigangatho yoshishino lwamandla enyukliya;
(2) Uxinzelelo lokusebenza luya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zenqanaba loxinzelelo lwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yeziko lamandla enyukliya;
(3) Imveliso iya kuba nokutywinwa okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa ukukrweleka kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
I-Hikelok izibophelele ekuboneleleni ngeevalvu zezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezinto zokufakelwa kushishino lwamandla enyukliya kangangeminyaka emininzi.Siye sathatha inxaxheba ngokulandelelana kwiiprojekthi zokubonelelaIziko lamandla enyukliya laseDaya Bay, Guangxi Fangchenggang iziko lamandla enyukliya, I-404 yeplanti yeChina National Nuclear Industry CorporationkwayeIziko loPhando lwaMandla eNyukliya.Sinokukhethwa kwezinto ezingqongqo kunye novavanyo, iteknoloji ephezulu yokucwangcisa umgangatho, ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa, imveliso yobungcali kunye nokuhlolwa kwabasebenzi, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lwazo zonke izixhumanisi.Iimveliso zibe negalelo kushishino lwamandla enyukliya ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kunye nesakhiwo esizinzileyo.
4. Ukuthengwa kweemveliso zamandla enyukliya
Iimveliso ze-Hikelok ziyilwe kwaye ziveliswe ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yoshishino lwamandla enyukliya, kwaye ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zezivalo zesixhobo, izifakelo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifunwa lishishini lamandla enyukliya kuzo zonke iinkalo.
Ufakelo lwetyhubhu yeferrule ezimbini: idlulileIimvavanyo ezili-12 ezibandakanya uvavanyo lokungcangcazela kunye novavanyo lobungqina be-pneumatic, kwaye iphathwa ngeteknoloji ye-carburizing ephantsi yobushushu obuphantsi, obunika isiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokusetyenziswa kwangempela kwe-ferrule;I-nut ye-ferrule icutshungulwa nge-silver plating, egwema into yokuluma ngexesha lofakelo;Umtya wamkela inkqubo yokuqengqeleka ukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nokugqiba komphezulu kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezinto zokufakelwa.Amacandelo axhotyiswe ngokutywinwa okuthembekileyo, ukuvuza okuchasene nokuvuza, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukufakela okufanelekileyo, kwaye kunokwahlulwa kwaye kuqhawuke ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Isixhobo sokufakwa kweweld: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lunokuba yi-12600psi, ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunokufikelela kwi-538 ℃, kwaye izinto zensimbi ezingenasici zinamandla okumelana nokutshatyalaliswa. kunye ne-tubing ye-welding.Uqhagamshelwano lwe-welding lunokwahlulwa lube yi-metric system kunye ne-fractional system.Iifom zokufakelwa ziquka i-union, i-elbow, i-tee kunye ne-cross, enokuthi ivumelane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufakela.
Ityhubhu: emva kokucocwa komatshini, ukukhethwa kunye nezinye iinkqubo, indawo yangaphandle ye-tubing ikhanya kwaye indawo yangaphakathi ihlambulukile.Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lunokufikelela kwi-12000psi, ubunzima abudluli kwi-90HRB, ukudibanisa kunye ne-ferrule ilula, kwaye ukutywinwa ethembekileyo, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthwala uxinzelelo.Iisayizi ezahlukeneyo zemetric kunye neenkqubo eziqhekekileyo ziyafumaneka, kwaye ubude bunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.
Ivalve yenaliti: Isixhobo somzimba wevalvu yenaliti ngumgangatho we-ASTM A182.Inkqubo yokuqulunqa inesakhiwo se-crystal edibeneyo kunye nokuchasana okuqinileyo, okunokubonelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo okuthembekileyo kwetywina.Undoqo wevalve yeconical unokuqhubeka kwaye uhlengahlengise kancinci ukuhamba okuphakathi.Intloko yevalve kunye nesihlalo sevalve zitywinwa ngokutywinwa ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo yevalve.Idizayini edibeneyo ihlangabezana neemfuno zofakelo kwindawo emxinwa, kunye ne-disassembly efanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
Ivalve yebhola:umzimba wevalvu uneqhekeza elinye, iziqwenga ezibini, ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezinye izakhiwo.Umphezulu uyilwe ngamaqela amaninzi emithombo yebhabhathane, enokumelana nokungcangcazela okunamandla.Ukubonelela ngesihlalo sevalve yokutywina yentsimbi, i-torque encinci yokuvula kunye nokuvala, uyilo olukhethekileyo lokupakisha, ubungqina bokuvuza, ukuxhathisa okuqinileyo kwe-corrosion, ubomi obude benkonzo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba zingakhethwa.
Ivalve yoncedo olulinganayo: njengoko igama libonisa, i-valve yokukhulula ngokulinganayo sisixhobo sokukhusela ngomatshini, esinokubeka uxinzelelo lokuvula.Isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye ayichatshazelwa kancinci ngoxinzelelo lwangasemva.Xa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lukhuphuka, i-valve ivula ngokuthe ngcembe ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo.Xa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lwehla ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olumiselweyo, i-valve iphinda ibuyele ngokukhawuleza, iqinisekisa ngokukhuselekileyo ukuzinza koxinzelelo lwenkqubo, umthamo omncinci kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle.
Ivalve evaliweyo: Ivalve etywiniweyo ithatha imivumbo yentsimbi echaneke ngokuchaneka okunamandla okumelana nomhlwa kunye nesiqinisekiso esithembeke ngakumbi somsebenzi okwisiza.Intloko yevalvu ithatha uyilo olungajikeleziyo, kwaye itywina le-extrusion linokwandisa ngcono ubomi benkonzo yesivalo.Ivalve nganye idlula uvavanyo lwe-helium, ngokutywinwa okuthembekileyo, ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokufakwa ngokulula.
I-Hikelok inoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neentlobo ezipheleleyo.Isenokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zabathengi.Kamva, iinjineli ziya kukhokela ukufakwa kuyo yonke inkqubo, kwaye inkonzo emva kokuthengisa iya kuphendula ngexesha.Iimveliso ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lamandla enyukliya zamkelekile ukuba nibonisane!
Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu zoku-odola, nceda ubhekisele kukhethoiikhathalogukwiHikelok website esemthethweni.Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo yokukhetha, nceda uqhagamshelane Hikelok iiyure ezingama-24 abasebenzi online professional yokuthengisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-25-2022